Can the Queen Mary Sail Again

Retired British ocean liner

RMS *Queen Mary*
History
Queen Mary in Long Embankment, California

Name	Queen Mary
Namesake	Queen Mary, espoused of George Five
Possessor	1936–49: Cunard White Star 1949–67: Cunard Line 1967–present: Metropolis of Long Beach
Port of registry	Liverpool
Route	Southampton, New York, via Cherbourg (normal transatlantic voyage East and West bound)
Ordered	3 April 1929
Builder	John Brownish and Visitor Clydebank, Scotland , United Kingdom
G number	534
Laid down	ane December 1930
Launched	26 September 1934
Sponsored past	Queen Mary
Christened	26 September 1934
Maiden voyage	27 May 1936
Out of service	9 December 1967 (retired)
Identification	IMO number: 5287938 Radio Callsign: GBTT
Status	Closed
General characteristics
Type	Ocean liner
Tonnage	80,774 GRT (1936) 81,237 GRT (1947)
Displacement	77,400 long tons
Length	1,019.4 ft (310.7 chiliad) LOA ane,004 ft (306.0 m) LWL 965 ft (294.1 1000) LBP
Beam	118 ft (36.0 chiliad)
Height	181 ft (55.two m)
Draught	38 ft ix in (xi.8 m)
Decks	12
Installed ability	24 × Yarrow boilers
Propulsion	4 × Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbines four shafts, 200,000 shp (150,000 kW)^[1]
Speed	28.5 kn (52.viii km/h; 32.8 mph) (service) 32.84 kn (sixty.82 km/h; 37.79 mph) (achieved on speed trials)
Capacity	2,140 passengers: 776 starting time (cabin) grade, 785 motel (tourist) grade, 579 tourist (3rd) class
Coiffure	1100

RMS Queen Mary
U.S. National Register of Historic Places


Coordinates	33°45′11″North 118°xi′23″W / 33.75306°N 118.18972°W / 33.75306; -118.18972 Coordinates: 33°45′11″N 118°11′23″W / 33.75306°N 118.18972°W / 33.75306; -118.18972
NRHP referenceNo.	92001714^[2]
Added to NRHP	15 April 1993

The RMS Queen Mary is a retired British body of water liner that sailed primarily on the North Atlantic Body of water from 1936 to 1967 for the Cunard-White Star Line and was built by John Brownish & Company in Clydebank, Scotland. Queen Mary, forth with RMSQueen Elizabeth,^[three] were built as office of Cunard'southward planned two-transport weekly limited service between Southampton, Cherbourg and New York. The two ships were a British response to the express superliners built by German, Italian and French companies in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

Queen Mary sailed on her maiden voyage on 27 May 1936 and won the Blue Riband that August;^[4] she lost the championship to SSNormandie in 1937 and recaptured it in 1938, holding it until 1952, when it was taken by the new SSU.s.a.. With the outbreak of World War Two, she was converted into a troopship and ferried Allied soldiers during the conflict.

Following the war, Queen Mary was refitted for passenger service and along with Queen Elizabeth commenced the two-ship transatlantic passenger service for which the two ships were initially congenital. The two ships dominated the transatlantic passenger transportation market until the dawn of the jet age in the late 1950s. By the mid-1960s, Queen Mary was ageing and was operating at a loss.

Later on several years of decreased profits for Cunard Line, Queen Mary was officially retired from service in 1967. She left Southampton for the last fourth dimension on 31 Oct 1967 and sailed to the port of Long Beach, California, United States, where she remains permanently moored. The transport serves as a tourist attraction featuring restaurants, a museum and a hotel. The ship is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Trust for Historic Preservation has accepted Queen Mary as part of the Historic Hotels of America.^[5]

In 2021 the City of Long Beach took control of the ship.^[6]

Construction and naming [edit]

Scale models of Queen Mary (foreground) and Queen Elizabeth (background) created by John Brownish & Company, on brandish at the Glasgow Museum of Transport

With Deutschland launching Bremen and Europa into service, United kingdom did non want to be left behind in the shipbuilding race. White Star Line began construction on their lxxx,000-ton Oceanic in 1928, while Cunard planned a 75,000-ton unnamed send of their own.

Overhead view of Queen Mary docked at Long Beach in 2008

Structure on the transport, then known merely as "Hull Number 534",^[7] began in December 1930 on the River Clyde by the John Brown & Company shipyard at Clydebank in Scotland. Work was halted in December 1931 due to the Great Low and Cunard practical to the British Government for a loan to complete 534. The loan was granted, with plenty money to complete the unfinished ship, and also to build a running mate, with the intention to provide a 2 ship weekly service to New York.^[eight]

One condition of the loan was that Cunard merge with the White Star Line,^[9] some other struggling British shipping visitor, which was Cunard's chief British rival at the time and which had already been forced past the depression to abolish construction of its Oceanic. Both lines agreed and the merger was completed on 10 May 1934. Piece of work on Queen Mary resumed immediately and she was launched on 26 September 1934. Completion ultimately took 3+ 1⁄ii years and cost 3.5 one thousand thousand pounds sterling,^[8] so equal to $17.5 one thousand thousand equivalent to $338,550,995 in 2020. Much of the ship's interior was designed and constructed past the Bromsgrove Guild.^[10] Prior to the ship's launch, the River Clyde had to be specifically deepened to cope with her size, this beingness undertaken past the engineer D. Alan Stevenson.^[11]

The ship was named subsequently Mary of Teck, espoused of King George 5. Until her launch, the name was kept a closely guarded secret. Legend has it that Cunard intended to proper noun the ship Victoria, in keeping with company tradition of giving its ships names catastrophe in "ia", but when company representatives asked the Male monarch'due south permission to name the sea liner after U.k.'southward "greatest Queen", he said his wife, Mary of Teck, would be delighted.^[12] And so, the legend goes, the delegation had, of course, no other choice only to written report that No. 534 would be called Queen Mary.^[12]

This story was denied by company officials, and traditionally the names of sovereigns have merely been used for upper-case letter ships of the Royal Navy. Some support for the story was provided by Washington Postal service editor Felix Morley, who sailed as a invitee of the Cunard Line on Queen Mary 'south 1936 maiden voyage. In his 1979 autobiography, For the Tape, Morley wrote that he was placed at a tabular array with Sir Percy Bates, chairman of the Cunard Line. Bates told him the story of the naming of the ship "on condition yous won't print information technology during my lifetime." The name Queen Mary could likewise have been decided upon equally a compromise betwixt Cunard and the White Star Line, as both lines had traditions of using names either ending in "ic" with White Star and "ia" with Cunard.^[12]

The name had already been given to the Clyde turbine steamer TSQueen Mary, and then Cunard made an arrangement with its owners and this older send was renamed Queen Mary Two.^[xiii]

Queen Mary was fitted with 24 Yarrow boilers in four boiler rooms and 4 Parsons turbines in two engine rooms. The boilers delivered 400 pounds per foursquare inch (28 bar) steam at 700 °F (371 °C) which provided a maximum of 212,000 shp (158,000 kW) to four propellers, each turning at 200 RPM.^[fourteen] Queen Mary achieved 32.84 knots on her acceptance trials in early on 1936.^[15]

Pre-Second Globe State of war [edit]

In 1934 the new liner was launched by Her Majesty Queen Mary equally RMS Queen Mary. On her fashion down the slipway, Queen Mary was slowed past eighteen drag bondage, which checked the liner's progress into the River Clyde, a portion of which had been widened to accommodate the launch.^[16]

When she sailed on her maiden voyage from Southampton on 27 May 1936, she was commanded by Sir Edgar Britten, who had been the master designate for Cunard White Star whilst the ship was under construction at the John Dark-brown shipyard. Queen Mary measured lxxx,774 gross register tons (GRT).^[17] Her rival Normandie, which originally measured 79,280 Gross register tons, had been modified the preceding winter to increment her size to 83,243 GRT.^[eighteen] Queen Mary sailed at high speed for most of her maiden voyage to New York, until heavy fog forced a reduction of speed on the final day of the crossing, arriving in New York Harbor on 1 June 1936.

Queen Mary 'southward design was criticised for being too traditional, peculiarly when Normandie 's hull was revolutionary with a clipper-shaped, streamlined bow. Except for her cruiser stern, she seemed to be an enlarged version of her Cunard predecessors from the pre–Beginning World War era. Her interior design, while mostly Fine art Deco, seemed restrained and conservative when compared to the ultramodern French liner. Queen Mary proved to exist the more popular vessel than her rival, in terms of passengers carried.^[12] ^[19]

"It's Men That Count", a late 1930s promotional poster for the Cunard Line

In August 1936, Queen Mary captured the Blue Riband from Normandie, with average speeds of 30.fourteen knots (55.82 km/h; 34.68 mph) westbound and 30.63 knots (56.73 km/h; 35.25 mph) eastbound. Normandie was refitted with a new set of propellers in 1937 and reclaimed the honour, merely in 1938 Queen Mary took dorsum the Blue Riband in both directions with average speeds of 30.99 knots (57.39 km/h; 35.66 mph) westbound and 31.69 knots (58.69 km/h; 36.47 mph) eastbound, records which stood until lost to Us in 1952.

Interior [edit]

Amidst facilities available onboard Queen Mary, the liner featured two indoor swimming pools, beauty salons, libraries and children's nurseries for all three classes, a music studio and lecture hall, telephone connectivity to anywhere in the world, outdoor paddle tennis courts and dog kennels. The largest room onboard was the cabin class (first class) main dining room (g salon), spanning three stories in height and anchored past wide columns. The send had many air-conditioned public rooms onboard. The cabin-class swimming pool facility spanned over 2 decks in tiptop. This was the first ocean liner to be equipped with her own Jewish prayer room – part of a policy to show that British shipping lines avoided the antisemitism evident in Nazi Frg.^[20]

The cabin-class principal dining room featured a big map of the transatlantic crossing, with twin tracks symbolising the winter/spring route (further south to avoid icebergs) and the summertime/autumn route. During each crossing, a motorised model of Queen Mary would indicate the vessel'due south progress en route.

Equally an culling to the main dining room, Queen Mary featured a carve up cabin-form Verandah Grill on the Sun Deck at the upper aft of the send. The Verandah Grill was an sectional à la carte eating house with a capacity of approximately lxxx passengers and was converted to the Starlight Club at night. Too on lath was the Observation Bar, an Art Deco-styled lounge with wide ocean views.

Woods from different regions of the British Empire were used in her public rooms and staterooms. Accommodation ranged from fully equipped, luxurious motel (starting time) class staterooms to pocket-sized and cramped third-class cabins. Artists commissioned by Cunard in 1933 for works of fine art in the interior include Edward Wadsworth and A. Duncan Carse.^[21]

Queen Mary Art Deco Interiors

Second World War [edit]

Arriving in New York Harbor, xx June 1945, with thousands of Usa soldiers

In tardily August 1939, Queen Mary was on a return run from New York to Southampton. The international situation led to her being escorted by the battlecruiser HMSHood. She arrived safely and set up out once more for New York on one September. By the fourth dimension she arrived, war had been alleged and she was ordered to remain in port alongside Normandie until further notice.^{[ citation needed ]}

In March 1940, Queen Mary and Normandie were joined in New York by Queen Mary 'southward new running mate Queen Elizabeth, fresh from her secret voyage from Clydebank. The three largest liners in the world sat idle for some time until the Allied commanders decided that all three ships could be used as troopships. Normandie was destroyed by fire during her troopship conversion. Queen Mary left New York for Sydney, Australia, where she, along with several other liners, was converted into a troopship to carry Australian and New Zealand soldiers to the United Kingdom.

Queen Mary 's forward superstructure, shown here in Long Beach. When she came to Long Beach, the Dominicus Deck windows were enlarged and an anti-aircraft gun was placed on display astride the foremast to represent the Second World War days of the liner.

In the Second World War conversion, the transport's hull, superstructure, and funnels were painted navy grey. As a effect of her new colour, and in combination with her bully speed, she became known as the "Gray Ghost". To protect against magnetic mines, a degaussing coil was fitted effectually the outside of the hull. Within, stateroom piece of furniture and decoration were removed and replaced with triple-tiered (stock-still) wooden bunks, which were after replaced by "standee" (fold-upwards) bunks.^[23]

A total of 6 miles (10 km) of carpeting, 220 cases of cathay, crystal and silver services, tapestries, and paintings were removed and stored in warehouses for the duration of the war. The woodwork in the staterooms, the cabin-class dining room, and other public areas were covered with leather. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth were the largest and fastest troopships involved in the war, often carrying every bit many every bit xv,000 men in a single voyage, and frequently travelling out of convoy and without escort. Their high speed and zigzag courses made it almost impossible for U-boats to catch them.^{[ commendation needed ]}

On 2 Oct 1942, Queen Mary accidentally sank one of her escort ships, slicing through the low-cal cruiser HMSCuracoa off the Irish coast with a loss of 239 lives. Queen Mary was carrying thousands of Americans of the 29th Infantry Division^[24] to join the Allied forces in Europe.^[25] Due to the take chances of U-boat attacks, Queen Mary was under orders not to stop under any circumstances and steamed onward with a fractured stem. Some sources claim that hours later, the convoy's lead escort, consisting of Bramham and 1 other ship,^[26] returned to rescue 99 survivors of Curacoa 's coiffure of 338, including her captain John W. Boutwood.^[27] ^[28] ^[29] This claim is contradicted by the liner'south then Staff Helm (and later Cunard Commodore) Harry Grattidge, who records that Queen Mary 's Helm, Gordon Illingsworth, immediately ordered the accompanying destroyers to look for survivors within moments of Curacoa 's sinking.^[30] ^[31]

From eight–fourteen December 1942, Queen Mary carried 10,389 soldiers and 950 crew (total 11,339).^[32] During this trip, while 700 miles (1,100 km) from Scotland during a gale, she was suddenly hit broadside past a rogue wave that might have reached a elevation of 28 metres (92 ft). An account of this crossing can be found in Carter's book.^[33] ^[34] Every bit quoted in the book, Carter's father, Dr. Norval Carter, part of the 110th Station Hospital on board at the time, wrote in a letter that at one point Queen Mary "damned near capsized... 1 moment the top deck was at its usual acme and then, swoom! Down, over, and forward she would pitch." It was calculated later that the ship rolled 52 degrees, and would have capsized had she rolled another iii degrees.^[33]

From 25–30 July 1943, Queen Mary carried 15,740 soldiers and 943 crew (total 16,683),^[35] a standing tape for the well-nigh passengers ever transported on ane vessel.^[36] This was only possible in summertime as passengers had to slumber on deck.^[37]

During the state of war Queen Mary carried British Prime Government minister Winston Churchill across the Atlantic for meetings with fellow Centrolineal forces officials on several occasions. He was listed on the passenger manifests as "Colonel Warden".^[38]

Post-Second World War [edit]

Queen Mary at New York, c. 1961

After delivering war brides to Canada, Queen Mary made her fastest ever crossing, returning to Southampton in only three days, 22 hours and 42 minutes at an average speed of merely nether 32 knots (59 km/h).^[39] From September 1946 to July 1947, Queen Mary was refitted for rider service, adding air-conditioning and upgrading her booth configuration to 711 showtime class (formerly called cabin class), 707 cabin class (formerly tourist class) and 577 tourist class (formerly tertiary class) passengers.^[40] Post-obit their refit, Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth dominated the transatlantic passenger merchandise as Cunard White Star's two-ship weekly express service through the latter half of the 1940s and well into the 1950s. They proved highly assisting for Cunard (equally the company was renamed in 1947).

On one January 1949, Queen Mary ran aground off Cherbourg, French republic. She was refloated the side by side day^[41] and returned to service.

In 1958, the get-go transatlantic flight by a jet aircraft began a completely new era of competition for the Cunard Queens. With a London–New York travel time of just seven–viii hours now possible with the new aircraft, demand for a ocean crossing of the ocean vicious away markedly. On some voyages, winters especially, Queen Mary sailed into harbour with more than crew than passengers, though both she and Queen Elizabeth notwithstanding averaged over 1,000 passengers per crossing into the centre 1960s.^[42] By 1965, the entire Cunard fleet was operating at a loss.

Hoping to keep financing Queen Elizabeth 2 which was nether construction at Brown's shipyard, Cunard mortgaged the bulk of the fleet. Due to a combination of age, lack of public interest, inefficiency in a new market place and the damaging after-effects of the national seamen's strike, Cunard announced that both Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth would be retired from service and sold off. Many offers were submitted, and the bid of $three.45m/£1.2m from Long Beach, California surpassed the Japanese scrap merchants.^[43] Queen Mary was featured in the flick Attack on a Queen (1966) starring Frank Sinatra.

Queen Mary was retired from service in 1967.^[44] On 27 September, she completed her 1,000th and concluding crossing of the North Atlantic, having carried ii,112,000 passengers over 3,792,227 miles (six,102,998 km). Nether the command of Captain John Treasure Jones, who had been her helm since 1965, she sailed from Southampton for the concluding fourth dimension on 31 Oct with 1,093 passengers and 806 crew. After a voyage around Cape Horn, she arrived in Long Beach on 9 Dec.^[43] Queen Elizabeth was withdrawn in 1968 and Queen Elizabeth two took over the transatlantic road in 1969.

Long Beach [edit]

Queen Mary from the northern side of Long Embankment harbour

Queen Mary is permanently moored as a tourist allure, hotel, museum and upshot facility in Long Beach.^[45]

Conversion [edit]

Queen Mary from the stern

Queen Mary, bought by Long Beach in 1967, was converted from a seafaring vessel to floating hotel.^[46] The programme included clearing almost every area of the ship below "C" deck (called "R" deck after 1950, to lessen passenger defoliation, as the restaurants were located on "R" deck) to make way for Jacques Cousteau'southward new Living Sea Museum. This increased museum space to 400,000 square feet (37,000 chiliadⁱⁱ).

Information technology required the removal of all the boiler rooms, the frontwards engine room, both turbo generator rooms, the transport stabilisers and the h2o softening plant. The ship's empty fuel tanks were filled with local mud to keep the send's centre of gravity and draft at the correct levels, as these disquisitional factors had been affected by the removal of the various components and construction. Simply the aft engine room and "shaft aisle", at the stern of the ship, would be spared. The remaining infinite would be used for storage or office infinite.

1 problem that arose during the conversion was a dispute between land-based and maritime unions over conversion jobs. The United States Declension Baby-sit had the final say. Queen Mary was deemed a building, since almost of her propellers had been removed and her machinery gutted. The ship was besides repainted with its ruby water level paint at a slightly higher level than previous. During the conversion, the funnels were removed, as this area was needed to elevator out the scrap materials from the engine and banality rooms. Workers plant that the funnels were significantly degraded and they were replaced with replicas.

Passageway in splendid accommodation, now function of the onboard hotel

With all of the lower decks nigh gutted from R deck and downwardly, Diners Club, the initial lessee of the ship, converted the remainder of the vessel into a hotel. Diners Club Queen Mary dissolved and vacated the ship in 1970 after their parent company, Diners Guild International, was sold, and a modify in corporate direction was mandated during the conversion process. Specialty Restaurants, a Los Angeles-based company that focused on theme-based restaurants, took over as master lessee the following yr.

This second plan was based on converting virtually of her showtime- and 2nd-grade cabins on A and B decks into hotel rooms, and converting the principal lounges and dining rooms into banquet spaces. On Promenade Deck, the starboard promenade was enclosed to characteristic an upscale eating house and café named Lord Nelson's and Lady Hamilton's; it was themed in the fashion of early-19th century sailing ships. The famed and elegant Observation Bar was redecorated every bit a western-themed bar.

The smaller outset-grade public rooms, such as the Drawing Room, Library, Lecture Room and the Music Studio, would exist stripped of nearly of their fittings and converted to commercial employ. This markedly expanded retail space on the ship. Two more shopping malls were built on the Sunday Deck in divide spaces previously used for first-grade cabins and engineers' quarters.

A post-war feature of the ship, the offset-class cinema, was removed for kitchen infinite for the new Promenade Deck dining venues. The get-go-class lounge and smoking room were reconfigured and converted into banquet space. The second-class smoking room was subdivided into a wedding chapel and office infinite. On the Sun Deck, the elegant Verandah Grill would be gutted and converted into a fast-food eatery, while a new upscale dining venue was created directly above it on Sports Deck, in space one time used for coiffure quarters.

Sun setting behind the Queen Mary in Long Embankment

The second-class lounges were expanded to the sides of the ship and used for banqueting. On R deck, the fantabulous dining room was reconfigured and subdivided into ii banquet venues, the Royal Salon and the Windsor Room. The 2nd-form dining room was subdivided into kitchen storage and a coiffure mess hall, while the third-class dining room was initially used every bit storage and coiffure space.

Also on R deck, the commencement-class Turkish bath circuitous, the 1930s equivalent to a spa, was removed. The second-class pool was removed and its space initially used for office space, while the splendid pond pool was open for viewing by hotel guests and visitors. Because of modern safety codes and the compromised structural soundness of the area directly below, the swimming pool could not be used for swimming afterwards the conversion, although it was filled with water until the late 1980s. Today the pool tin can merely be seen on guided tours and is in a derelict condition, having never been maintained by the hotel operators. No 2nd-class, tertiary-form or crew cabins remain intact aboard the ship today.

Opening as a tourist destination [edit]

Send every bit a hotel, with permanent boarding gangways

On 8 May 1971, Queen Mary opened her doors to tourists. Initially, only portions of the ship were open to the public every bit Specialty Restaurants had nonetheless to open its dining venues and PSA had non completed work converting the ship'south original First Class staterooms into the hotel. Every bit a result, the send was open up only on weekends. On 11 December 1971, Jacques Cousteau'southward Museum of the Ocean opened, with a quarter of the planned exhibits completed. Within the decade, Cousteau's museum closed due to low ticket sales and the deaths of many of the fish that were housed in the museum. On 2 November 1972, the PSA Hotel Queen Mary opened its initial 150 guest rooms. Ii years later, with all 400 rooms finished, PSA brought in Hyatt Hotels to manage the hotel, which operated from 1974 to 1980 equally the Queen Mary Hyatt Hotel.^[47]

Past 1980, it had become apparent that the existing system was not working.^[48] The transport was losing millions each year for the metropolis because the hotel, restaurants and museum were run by 3 separate concessionaires, while the metropolis owned the vessel and operated guided tours. It was decided that a single operator with more experience in attractions was needed.^[49]

Jack Wrather, a local millionaire, had fallen in dear with the transport because he and his wife, Bonita Granville, had fond memories of sailing on it numerous times. Wrather signed a 66-twelvemonth lease with the metropolis of Long Beach to operate the unabridged property. He oversaw the display of the H-4 Hercules, nicknamed the Spruce Goose, on long-term loan. The immense plane, which had been sitting in a hangar in Long Beach for decades unseen past the public, was installed in a huge geodesic dome adjacent to the liner in 1983, attracting increased omnipresence.^[49]

Wrather Port Properties operated the entire allure afterward his death in 1984 until 1988, when his holdings were bought by the Walt Disney Company. Wrather had congenital the Disneyland Hotel in 1955, when Walt Disney had insufficient funds to construct the hotel himself. Disney had been trying to buy the hotel for thirty years. When they finally succeeded, they also acquired Queen Mary. This was never marketed equally a Disney holding.

First Class accommodation on Queen Mary, converted into a present-day hotel room with modern curtains, bedding, fixtures and amenities surrounded by original wood panelling and portholes

Through the late 1980s and early on 1990s, Queen Mary struggled financially. Disney pinned their hopes for turning the attraction around on Port Disney,^[50] a huge planned resort on the adjacent docks. Information technology was to include an attraction known as DisneySea, a theme park celebrating the world's oceans. The plans eventually fell through; in 1992 Disney gave upward the lease on the transport to focus on building what would become Disney California Take chances Park. The DisneySea concept was recycled a decade subsequently in Japan as Tokyo DisneySea, with a recreated ocean liner resembling Queen Mary named the SS Columbia every bit the centrepiece of the American Waterfront expanse.

1992 closure and reopening [edit]

With Disney gone, the Hotel Queen Mary closed on 30 September 1992. The owners of the Spruce Goose, the Aero Order of Southern California, sold the plane to the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in Oregon. The plane departed on barges on 2 October 1992, leaving the huge dome empty. The Queen Mary tourist attraction remained open for another 2 months, just on 31 December 1992, Queen Mary completely closed her doors to tourists and visitors.

On 5 February 1993, RMS Foundation, Inc signed a 5-year lease with the city of Long Beach to human action as the operators of the holding. The foundation was run by President and C.Eastward.O. Joseph F. Prevratil, who had managed the attraction for Wrather. On 26 February 1993 the tourist attraction reopened completely, while the hotel reopened partially on 5 March with 125 rooms and the banquet facilities, with the residue of the rooms coming online on 30 April. In 1995, RMS Foundation's charter was extended to xx years, while the scope of the lease was reduced to operation of the send. A new company, Queen'due south Seaport Evolution, Inc. (QSDI), was established in 1995 to control the existent estate adjacent to the vessel. The dome was used extensively as a soundstage for motion picture and television by taking advantage of the adaptable interior space that was larger than any sound stage in the Los Angeles area.^[51] In 1998, the city of Long Embankment extended the QSDI lease to 66 years. Carnival Cruises repurposed a portion of the dome as a passenger concluding in 2001.^[52] The California State Lands Commission also issued a written report in response to citizens concerns about the use of public trust lands and mismanagement of public trust funds. The report determined that the uses were non barred by the granting statutes or the public trust doctrine, but may be considered necessarily incidental to the enjoyment of public tidelands. They constitute no evidence of mismanagement, a conclusion that was reviewed and affirmed past the State Attorney General.^[53]

In 2004, Queen Mary and Stargazer Productions added Tibbies Swell American Cabaret to the space previously occupied past the ship'southward banking company and wireless telegraph room. Stargazer Productions and Queen Mary transformed the space into a working dinner theatre complete with stage, lights, sound and scullery.^[54]

In 2005, QSDI sought Chapter 11 protection due to a rent credit dispute with the urban center. In 2006, the bankruptcy court requested bids from parties interested in taking over the lease from QSDI. The minimum required opening bid was $41M. The functioning of the ship, by RMS Foundation, remained independent of the defalcation. In summer 2007, Queen Mary 'south lease was sold to a group named "Save the Queen", managed by Hostmark Hospitality Group.

They planned to develop the land adjacent to Queen Mary, and upgrade, renovate and restore the send. During their management, staterooms were updated with iPod docking stations and flatscreen TVs and the ship's three funnels and waterline expanse were repainted their original Cunard red colour. The portside Promenade Deck'due south planking was restored and refinished. Many lifeboats were repaired and patched, and the send's kitchens were renovated with new equipment.

In belatedly September 2009, management of Queen Mary was taken over by Delaware North Companies, who planned to continue the restoration and renovation of the ship and its holding. They were adamant to revitalise and enhance the send as an allure.^[55] But in April 2011, the metropolis of Long Beach was informed that Delaware N was no longer managing Queen Mary. Garrison Investment Group said this decision was purely business.^[56] Delaware North continued to manage Scorpion, a Soviet submarine that has been a separate attraction side by side to Queen Mary since 1998.^[57] Evolution Hospitality, LLC. assumed operational control of Queen Mary on 23 September 2011, with Garrison Investments leasing Queen Mary.^[58] ^[59] The dome was used every bit a venue for the Long Embankment Derby Gals roller derby team.^[lx] and as an event venue.^[61]

2006 Meeting of the two Queen Marys [edit]

Queen Mary and Queen Mary 2 meeting in Long Beach, California nether the words "HAIL TO THE QUEENS" formed by skywriting

On 23 Feb 2006, RMSQueen Mary 2 saluted her predecessor as she made a port of call in Los Angeles Harbor, while on a prowl to Mexico. In March 2011, Queen Mary was saluted by MSQueen Victoria while fireworks were going on, and on 12 March 2013, MSQueen Elizabeth made a salute while there were fireworks.^[62]

The salute was carried out with Queen Mary replying with her 1 working air horn in response to Queen Mary two sounding her combination of 2 brand new horns and an original 1934 Queen Mary horn, which is on loan from the Metropolis of Long Embankment.^[63] Queen Mary originally had three whistles tuned to 55 Hz, a frequency chosen because it was low plenty that the extremely loud sound of information technology would not be painful to human ears.^[64]

Modern IMO regulations specify ships' horn frequencies to be in the range 70–200 Hz for vessels that are over 200 metres (660 ft) in length.^[65] Traditionally, the lower the frequency, the larger the ship. Queen Mary two, being 345 metres (1,132 ft) long, was given the lowest possible frequency (70 Hz) for her regulation whistles, in addition to the refurbished 55 Hz whistle on permanent loan. 50-five Hz is the "A" note an octave higher up the lowest note of a standard piano keyboard. The air-driven Tyfon whistle can be heard at to the lowest degree 10 miles (xvi km) away.^[66]

2016 lease to Urban Commons [edit]

In 2016, Urban Commons, a real manor company, bought the lease, which extends to 2082, out of default.^[67] The lease obligates them to perform the transport'southward daily upkeep and long-term projects. Carnival Cruises took over the unabridged dome and fabricated efficiency improvements under their management.^[68] The operator generates funds through its events, the hotel bookings, and passenger fees from the nearby Carnival cruise last, which is the largest source. Taxpayer funds were not being used to maintain the ship under the lease agreement.^[69] Urban Eatables had plans to extensively renovate the liner and to redevelop the adjacent 45 acres (18 ha) of parking with a bazaar hotel, restaurants, a marina, an amphitheater, jogging trails, wheel paths and maybe a huge Ferris bike, all at a price of upwards to $250 million.^[70]

In July 2017, while making repairs to a bathroom, workers rediscovered the ship'due south forward gear room which had one time controlled the ships 16-ton anchors. The room was manifestly sealed up during the 1960s conversion and was forgotten for decades.^[71]

In May 2019, Urban Commons formed Eagle Hospitality Real Estate Trust with the goal of generating up to $566 million for the Queen Mary along with its portfolio of 12 other hotel properties that it owns or manages.^[72] In December it was announced that the urban center was reviewing the finances of Urban Commons to determine whether the City of Long Beach had "received all revenues owed."^[73]

2017 Condition [edit]

In 2017, a written report on the send's status was issued. The report observed that non only the hull but also the supports for a raised exhibition area within the ship were corroding and that the ship'south deteriorating condition left areas such as the engine room vulnerable to flooding.^[74] Repair costs were estimated at shut to $300 million. In Nov 2016 the Metropolis of Long Embankment had put $23 million toward addressing Queen Mary 'due south most vital repairs. John Keisler, economical and property development director for Long Beach, said: "We have a timeline in which the engineers believe they tin can complete those immediate projects. These are major challenges nosotros can simply accost over fourth dimension; information technology tin can't all be done at once." Political leaders in Scotland, birthplace of Queen Mary, chosen for the so UK Prime Government minister Theresa May to pressure the American authorities to fund a total repair of the liner in 2017.^[75]

In August 2019, Edward Pribonic, the engineer responsible for inspecting Queen Mary on behalf of the Urban center of Long Beach, issued a report stating that the ship was in the worst condition he had seen in his 25 years on the job.^[76] Pribonic stated that the neglect of Queen Mary had grown worse under the direction of Urban Commons, and concluded that "without an immediate and very significant infusion of manpower and money, the status of the send will probable soon be unsalvageable." Incidents of recent fail include the flooding of the Grand Ballroom with sewage afterwards a pipe which was flimsily patched with duct record burst, significant amounts of standing water in the ship's bilge, and recently practical paint on the ship's funnels already peeling because of the poor way in which information technology was applied. The pessimistic conclusion of Pribonic was disputed by city officials, who called the warnings "hyperbolic" and pointed to the "meaning" piece of work that has already been undertaken towards repairing Queen Mary.^[76]

The $23 million apportioned for repairs ran out in 2018, with xix out of the 27 urgent projects identified past a 2015 marine survey completed every bit of September 2019. There were significant cost overruns overall, with the cost of fire condom repairs increasing from the original estimate of $200,000 to $5.29 million.^[77] Ii of the remaining eight problems identified in 2015 are considered "critical" — this includes the removal of the send'southward lifeboats, which have rotted and are in danger of collapsing.^[77]

In October 2019, the City of Long Embankment warned Urban Commons that the company was failing to uphold its commitment to maintain and repair Queen Mary and that information technology was accordingly in danger of defaulting on its 66-year lease agreement.^[73] Urban Commons responded with an updated plan for repairs, including the removal of the lifeboats at a cost of between $5 and $7 million, and new paint work.^[78]

2020 closure [edit]

The Queen Mary ceased operations in May 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[67] As overseer for several corporations that operated the Queen Mary, Eagle Hospitality Trust filed a motion in federal bankruptcy court on 9 March 2021 to auction off its lease.^[79] Court filings past the metropolis claimed that Urban Commons' repair work was incomplete or not performed correctly and would probable have to be redone. As well, the electric current status of the vessel was such that meaning safety repairs needed to be performed before it could reopen to the public.^[80] In court filings, Eagle Hospitality Trust stated that the lease was their about valuable asset.^[69] In that location were no bidders on the lease after all of Hawkeye's other hotel backdrop were sold at a defalcation courtroom sale.^[81] Eagle Hospitality Trust agreed to surrender its charter agreement back to the metropolis, and Long Embankment took dorsum control in June 2021.^[82]

An architecture and marine engineering firm hired past the city^[83] found that $23 million was needed for urgent safety repairs to go along the ship viable over the next two years.^[84] The written report by Elliott Bay Design Group reported that the vessel was vulnerable to flooding or mayhap even capsizing.^[80] On September 21, 2021, the Long Beach City Quango voted to plough the Queen Mary and surrounding belongings over to the Harbor Section.^[85]

W6RO [edit]

Queen Mary 'southward original professionally-manned wireless radio room was removed when the ship was moored in Long Embankment. In its place, an amateur radio room proposed past Long Embankment resident and radio amateur Nate Brightman, K6OSC, was created ane deck above the original radio reception room, with some of the discarded original radio equipment used for display purposes. The new Wireless Room was opened for operation on April 22, 1979.^[86] The apprentice radio station, with the call sign W6RO ("Whiskey Six Romeo Oscar"), relies on volunteers from a local amateur radio order. They staff the radio room during most public hours. The radios can likewise be used by other licensed amateur radio operators.^[87] ^[88] ^[89] ^[90]

In laurels of his over xl years of dedication to W6RO and Queen Mary, in November 2007 the Queen Mary Wireless Room was renamed as the Nate Brightman Radio Room. This was announced on 28 October 2007, at Brightman's 90th birthday political party past Joseph Prevratil, onetime President and CEO of Queen Mary.^[91]

[edit]

Post-obit Queen Mary 's permanent docking in California, claims were made that the send was haunted. In 2008, Time magazine included the Queen Mary among its "Summit 10 Haunted Places".^[92] I of the staterooms is declared to be haunted by the spirit of a person supposedly murdered there.^[93] The Queen Mary Hotel promotes suite room B-340, a former third class motel, as "notoriously haunted".^[94] ^[95] Queen Mary besides operates a number of commercial tours that include haunted allure experiences, such every bit Dark Harbor, which operates during the Halloween season, the "Haunted Encounters Tour" and "Ghosts and Legends" bout, promoted equally featuring "terrifying original stories and characters based on the send's well-known paranormal tales".^[96] ^[97] Skeptical Inquirer writer John Champion has criticised the haunted tours, calling them a "cynical exploitation of the space" and noting that much effort is put into promoting the ship equally a "haunted attraction", while efforts to explain or preserve the factual history of the send are "somehow pushed to the wayside".^[98] Eye for Inquiry swain Joe Nickell attributes the Queen Mary 'south haunting legends to pareidolia, illusory mental images triggered past subjective feelings, and heedless states normally experienced by workers, such equally hotel staff, doing repetitive chores.^[99]

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- "Accompanying Photos" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 9 September 2012.

External links [edit]

Website of current commercial operator (Consequence listings likewise as Facts & History section)
"30 One thousand thousand Dollar Super Liner Is Built", January 1932, Pop Mechanics detailed article on the structure of the future RMS Queen Mary
The Bang-up Bounding main Liners: RMS Queen Mary
Restored color annal film of RMS Queen Mary on the Clyde (1936)(archive films from the National Library of Scotland)
Queen Mary Cunard Service History at Chris' Cunard Folio
Launch of the Queen Mary (1934) (archive films from the National Library of Scotland)

Records
Preceded past Normandie	Blue Riband (Westbound record) 1936–1937	Succeeded by Normandie
Preceded past Normandie	Blue Riband (Eastbound record) 1936–1937	Succeeded by Normandie
Preceded by Normandie	Blue Riband (Westbound record) 1938–1952	Succeeded by United States
Preceded by Normandie	Blueish Riband (Eastbound record) 1938–1952	Succeeded by United States

woodspreve1951.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary